Dear Pierre,
sorry for the late of my answer, we are very busy in this moment.
About your questions :
– Cutting buds of course can have consequences, but if you do it in a fruit cane there are no problems. You have to take it off after 1 year, indeed, so that part it’s not permanent wood (as trunk or branches).
– In young plants, if you have to set up the new branches you have to operate only during the spring in shoot thinning. There are some exceptions in which you can remove buds but in general what you say it’s correct, always use shoot thinning in .
This is my general advidce : You should use the rules for preserving the wood – crown cuts, spare wood, etc…- everywhere you are operating in a wood that must remains (and must be kept alive), remove the buds and the basal buds everywhere the wood must be cut off. Remember : in all the node there is a diagphram : preserving it you preserve the wood from necrosis. And you have to preserve the wood you need to keep alive for the primary/secondary/third structure, you don’t need to preserve the spare wood…
There are many examples of pruning young plants in the new VINE PRUNER ADVANCED Courses, available from 13th January 2022.